Magazine small-arm.



JMA W f/W//a// W. J. WHITING. MAGAZINE SMALL ARM. APPLICATION FILED11111.27, 1914.

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W. J. WHITING. MAGAZINE SMALL ARM. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 27, 1914.

Patented Deo. 15, 1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEBTZ. Eg 2,.

'Ziyi-765565 j 727 5MM W. J. WHITING. MAGAZINE SMALL ARM. APPLIOATIONFILED JAN. 27. 1914.

Patented Dec. 15, 1914.

3 SHEBTSSHEET 3.

' "UNITED STATES 4PA'IEN'I OFFICE.

'WILLIAM JOHN WHITING, OF HANDSWORTH, BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND.

MAGAZINE smh-Aam.

Specication of Letters Patent. l

Application tiled January 2'?,- 1914. Serial No. 814,744.

To all 'whom it may concern 'Be it known that I, WILLIAM JOHN WHIT# ING,a subject of the 'King of Great Britain, and a resident of'111 Antrobusroad, Handsl5l worth, Birmingham, England, director of public company,have invented new and useful f Improvements in Magazine' Small- Arms, ofwhich the following is a specifical proved'safety-mechansm of themagazinecontrolled type, wherein the automatic locking of the firingmechanism is effected, when themagazine 1s removed, by a spring-inuencedbolt which is devoid of association or connection with any external partof the arm and is preferably entirely inclosed in the frame or body ofthe said arm so that it cannot be either directly or indirectly actuatedor influenced by the user ofthe arm ex- .30 cept through the medium ofthe detachable fma'gazine. This bolt is adapted to effect the locking ofthewfsaid firingmechanism by directly .engaging either. with the scar orwith a scar-operating member th'at crosses the 35 sided of the magazinechamber.

The invention will first .be described in its application to automaticpistols of the type in which the detachable magazine is contained in achamber in the handle or grip 40 of the arm, while the "trigger isarranged in vfront of the Lsaid rip and is adapted to operate a sear intiire rear part of the pistol through a-member which extends from saidsear'across one side of the said magazine-V chamber,E and is engaged; atits front end,

bythe trigger.

Figure 1 of the accom anying drawings represents, partly in si eelevation and partly in section, anl automatic. pistol of theSabove-mentioned type, which is itted with Yan auxiliary safety deviceadapted to act upon the scar of the ring mechanism in accordance withone form of my said inven tion.v In this view, the side plate of thehandle or grip is removed to disclose the ar,

. of the irin y The Patented nee. 15,1914'.

ran ement of the said firing mechanism and of t e inclosed safetydevice, while the several parts are shown in the positions they resectivel coc ed an the magazine is fastened (by a assume when the hammerisl separate or independent catch) within its chamber in the grip orhandle. Fig. 2 is a vlew, similar to Fig. 1, -but showing the magazinepartially withdrawn and the firing mechanism locked by the en agement ofthemagazine-controlled safety evice under the seal extension. Figu3 visa partial vertical section of Fig. 1 on the dotted line Fig. 4 isanother partial .vertical section, but taken on the dotted line w Fig.2. Fig. 5 is a horizontal section of the pistol on the dot,

ted line m2 Fig. 1 looking upward and showingv the positlonin which thesafety bolt is held by the magazine when the latter is fastened in themagazine chamber. Fig. 6 is another horizontal section, but taken on thedotted line w3 Fig. 2 to show the position which the safety-boltautomatically assumes with respect to the scar extension when thelmagazine is withdrawn. Fig. 7 is a verti- `cal section, similar to Fig.4, but showing also the side plates (which inclose and conceal thesafety device) attached to the frame of the pistol-grip or handle. Fig.7^ shows `detail views of the safety-bolt separately.

Fig. 8 is a part-sectional side elevation of a modification, the severalparts being shown in the positions which they assume when the hammer iscocked and the maga- ,zine secured in themagazine chamber. Fig. 9 is anenlarged, fragmental detail of Fig. 8, but showing-the positions whichthe parts trigger has een pulled and the magazine is in position. Fi 10is a horizontal section mechanism assume after the on 4the dotted l1ne.Fig. 8, lopking upl ward. Fig. 11 is asectional view similar to Fig. 10,but showing the position assumed by the safety device when the magazineis withdrawn.

The same letters of reference indicatev corresponding parts in the saidFigs. 1 to 7.

In the pistol shown in these with a chamber'a for the reception of thdetachable magazine b, rwhich is secured in the said chamber b `a springlatch c whose disengagement is e ected mainly through a releaseush-piece c".

ing mechanism comprises@ trigger ure-s, the. handle or grip a of theframe 1s formed'- l. no

d and a hammer f, which is pivoted in the rear of the frame,I and isassociated with a sear e that is pivoted at e land carries a rigidextension e2 which projects forwardly across -the side of the magazinechamber a. The said scar e, e2v is influenced by a searspring c3whereby, when the arm is cocked,

the front end of the extension e2 is held iny engagement with alaterally yielding contact stud d. that is mounted in the side of thetrigger d; the larrangement being such that on the said trigger beingpulled when the magazineis in its normal positiontas in Fig. l), thestud d trips the Sear e, e2 and so releases the hammer.

Proceeding now to describe the magazinecontrolled safety device whichconstitutes the present invention; this is fitted within the frame orbody of the pistol, immediately below the scar extension e2 and isentirely in- K closed when the side plates f are attached to the grip a.lt conslsts of a transverselydisposed bolt g, which is locatedin ashouldered recess 7L 1n the frame, and whose stem g '1s surrounded by aspring g2 havlng one abutment against the shoulder h of the said recessh and its other abutment against a collar ga that is screwed orotherwise at` tached to the extremity of the said stem g. The head g4 ofthis bolt is fitted within an open-sided seat ft2 on the firingmechanism side of the frame; this seat being so shaped lthat while itadmits of the bolt-slidilg transversely to the frame in Abothdirections, it secures the same against angular displacement and holdsthe scar-locking portion g5 thereof in its proper relationship to thesearextension e2 in both positions of the safety device. The saidscar-locking portion g5 is positioned below the Sear-extension e2, andis cut away on its inner side to provide a clearance gG which registerswith the said extension when the safety device is held in itsinoperative position by the magazine, and is of sufiicient depth topermit said extension to make' its hammer-releasing movementI whenactuated by the trigger while the effective part gT of the scar-lockingportion g5 is beveled to correspond to the inclined bottom edge of theSear-extension and is adapted to` fit closely underneath the same and so--prevent its disengagement from the cocked ammer when the safety"device assumes its operative position on the magazine being withdrawn.The inner side of the portion g5 is also formed with a shoulder or camg8 that projects laterally into the magazinechamber a in the grip a whenthe safetydevice is in its operative or scar-locking position (see Fig.4) and against which the upper end of the magazine impinges during itsinsertion into the chamber a, and thereby imparts to the said bolt anoutward lateral motion for removing the part g'I from under- 55 neaththe Sear-extension and so releasingthe ananas-1 firing mechanism. Withsuch anarrangement, when the chamber a contains no ma'gazine, the safetybolt is held byits sprlng in vits effective or operative' psition asshown in Figs. 2, 4, 6 and 7, in which the part gr of the saidboltengages closely underneath the scar-extension so that the latter islocked i against angular movement and therefore cannot be tripped inorder to releas'efthel therewith as shown in Fig. 3, so that'the.

firing mechanism is freed land can be actuated for discharging the armon the trigger being pulled, while simultaneously the safety-bolt springis compressed aand rendered active for automatically restoring theldevice to its Sear-locking position when the magazine'` is withdrawn. Vc

)Vhen the magazine is fully home in its chamber and is locked therein bythe magazine latch c, its flat side bears against the in'- ner face ofthe safety-bolt head (see Fig. 3)

and the said magazine functions to positively retain the said bolt inits inoperative position and to hold the bolt-spring in compressedcondition. But as soon as, during its removal, the magazine is withdrawnclear of the inwardly-projecting cam the bolt- 7 spring is released andimmediatey functions to give a lateral inward movementto thev said boltin order to rengage the part g'- under the scar-extension and thusautomati- Y cally locking the firino' mechanism.

A magazine-controlled safety-bolt, similar to that above described, mayalso be applied for automatically locking the firing mechanism ofpistols and other firearms of the type in'which 4the scar is actuated bya bar that 4is pivoted to the trigger and extends across one side of themagazine-chamber into engagement with the tail of the said scar. Thislockinlgactionirnay be provided for by adapting t bolt to engagedirectly behind the scar itself when' the magazine is withdrawn, or thesaid bolt may be arranged -to engage under the pivoted sear-trippmg bar.

- In the pistol shown in Figs. 8 to 11, a

is the magazine-chamber in the grip a of theframe, b is the detachablemagazine and c, c the magazine-latch.

The firing mechanism comprises a trigger d, a scar-tripping bar dpivoted on the trigger, a Sear e and a hammer f; the said meneermagazine-chamber a being inuenced by a s prmg d2 whereby its rear end isnormally maintained in engagement with the tail of the sear as shown inFig. 8. This firing mechanism is associated with a hand-controlledsafety device comprising an external lever e and a cam e2, and when thesaid device is placed -in the firing position the inclined upper edge d3of the sear tripping bar is held in contact with the said cam c2 so thaton the trigger being pulled for actuating the sear-trlpping bar d', theinclinev d3 is made to ride under the cam e2, with the result that afterhaving tripped the scar, the said bar is de ressed and its rear end isheld clear ofthe sear tail by the said cam e2 until the nger pressure onthe trigger is relieved, whereupon the said bar is lifted back intoengagement with the said Sear-tail by its spring d2. But when thehand-controlled safety is shifted into its safe position by means of theexternal lever e', the cam then depresses the bar d and holds its rearend clear of the sear tail so that ifthe trigger v,should be pulled whenthe hammer is cocked, the said bar merely makes an idle movement withouttripping hammer.

The auxiliary and magazine-controlled safety device (which is fitted inthe frame of the pistol immediately behind the upper part of the chambera and is entirely inclosed by the side-plates f of the 'grip a) consistsof a transversely disposed bolt g,

Y which is located at the back of 'the sear e feo in the shoulderedrecess h in the frame, the stem g" of. this bolt being surrounded by aspring g2 having one abutment against the shoulder L of the said recessh and its `other abutment against a collar g3 that is icut away onA itsinner `side .to provide a Vclearance g6 whichregisters with the searwhen the safety device is held in itsinoperative position by themagazine, and is of suicient depth to admit of the said sear making ,itshammer-releasingA movement when actuated by its tripping-bar, while theefectiveia'rt g7 of the said locking portion is bevele to correspond tothe inclined back edge of the Sear and is adapted to lit closely behindthe said Sear and'prevent its disengagement from the cocked hammer whenthe safety device assumes its operative position on the magazinebeingwithdrawn.

The inner side of the locking portion g5 is also formed with a shoulderor cam g8 that projects laterally into the magazinechamber a in thegripl a when the safetydevice is in its operative or scar-lockingposition, and against which the upper end of the magazine impinges durinits insertion into the chamber a and there y imparts to the said bolt anoutward lateral motion for removing the part g" from behind the sear andsoy releasing the firing mechanism. With such an arrangement, when thechamber a contains no magazine, the safety bolt is held by its'spring inits effective or operative-position as -shown in Figs. 8 and 10, inwhich the part g" of the said bolt engages closely behind the Sear sothat the latter is blocked against angular movement in .the rearwarddirection and therefore cannot be tri ped out of its4 engagement withthe coclied hammer by the actuation of the trigger and Sear-trippingbar. In this positlon also, the cam or projection g8 of the bolt liesinside the magazine-.chamber a so' that on the magazine being insertedand pushed home into the said chamber, a curved 11p or extension at itsupper end contacts wlth and wipes past the said cam and therebyV im artsan outward lateral movement to the sa ety bolt.` By this motion, thepart g of the said bolt is disengaged from the scar and the clearance gis brought into register therewith so that the firing mechanism 1s i'freed and can be actuated for discharging the arm on the trigger beingpulled while simultaneously the safety-bolt s ring is com ressed andrendered active, or automatically restoring the device to itssearlocking position when the magazine is wlthdrawn.

When the magazine is fully home in its chamber and is locked therein bythe magazine latch c, its Hat side bears against the innerface of thesafety-bolt head and the ion said magazine functions to positivelyretain the said bolt in its inoperatlve position and to hold thebolt-spring in compressed condition. But when, during its removal, themagazine is withdrawn below the plane of the bolt, the bolt-spring isreleasedl and immediately functions to give a lateral movement to thesaid bolt. in order to rengage the part g" behind the Sear and thusautomatically lock the firin mechanism.

In the further modi cation of my inventionV in which themagazine-controlled safety device is adapted to/act upon the scar-triping bar for the purpose of so locking t e same that it cannot (so longas themagazine is mot in position) operate to trip the sear whenfingerpressure is applied to the trigger .1 the sprmg-inuenced, boltconstituting i .similar-manner to the sear-lockn ready descr1bed withreference to a the said safety device is tted transversely v of the saidmagazme contacts with the cam or projection on the inner face of thebolthead and thus maintains the clearance un- -derneath the tripping barso asI to allow the latter tomake lts prescribed scar-releasing movementwhen the trigger is pulled, whereas onthe magazine bein withdrawn, thebolt is automatically shifted over byv its spring and thevlockingportion of the bolthead 1s brought under the tripping bar. The

4said bar is thus confined or wedged between vthe head of the bolt andthe'cam of a hand'- operated safety device (similar to the device markede2 in Figs. 8 to 11) and cannot then he actuated for releasing the scarby the application of finger pressure to the trigger,

50 lnent which it and, as in the previously described arrangement, thelock on the firing mechanism is released when the top 'of the magazine,during its upward movement within the grip 'chamloer,` strikes againstthe cam or projection A and thereby forces the bolt outward inoppositionto its spring. 1

If desired, and especially in small arms wherein the` Sear-tripping baris not associated with a hand-operated safety device,

the head of the magazine-controlled safetybolt may be arranged so that(on being moved by its-spring into its effective position when themagazine is withdrawn) it engages 40 within a recess or notch in thetripping bar and so positively locks the same.J -4

Inv each4 of the pistols shown in the drawings, the automatic orvself-engaging safety devlce, together with the firing mechanismon'which 1t acts, is completely inclosed with in the frame, and as it istherefore inaccessible to the user of the arm, it cannot be ut outofjaction or disengaged from the firing mechanism in any way except bythemover erives from the vmagazine during the com letion of theintroduction of the said magazine into its chamber. Itconsequentlyfollows that should an unred `cartridge be left in the barrel of thepistol when the magazine is Withdrawn, it is impossible for thiscartridge to be dischar ed until the magazine has been reintroduce Theapplication of the invention to other pistols and small arms havingdetachable magazines differs in no essential res ect from its aplication as herein describe to automatic pistols of the typesshown inthe drawings.

Having 'now described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent is l y 1. In an automatic pistol, or like smallarm, thecombination, with the firing mechanism and the magazine; of a movablesafetybolt located directly adjacent the sear and having a headengageable by the magazine wlien the latterl is in place 1n its chamber,said head being shifted, consequent upon such engagement, out of thepath of the sear, to permit' actuation of the firing mechanism; and aspring for moving the said head into engagement with said sea'r whensaid niagaz'ine is withdrawn, to lock said firing mechanism againstactuation.- v

2. In an automatic pistol, or like smallarm, the combination, with thefiring mechanismand the magazine; of a-laterally-movable safety-boltlocateddirectly adjacent the sear and engageable by the magazine whenthe latter is in place in its chamber, said bolt being\shifted,consequent upon such engagement, out of the path of the sear, to permitactuation of the rin A mechanism; and a 'spring for moving said boltinto engagement with said sear when said magazine is withdrawn, to locksaid firing mechanism against actuation.

nism and the magazine; of a laterally-movable safety-bolt whollyconcealed wit in the frame of the arm and located directly adjacent nthescar, said bolt being engageable by the magazinewhen the latter is inplace- 1n its chamber, and being shifted, consequent upon suchengagement, out of the path of the Sear, to permit actuation of thefiring 3. In an automatlc pistol, orlike smallarm,the combination, withthe firing mecha-- mechanism; and a spring for moving said bolt intoengagement with said -searvvhen i said 'magazine is withdrawn, to locksaid firing mechanism against actuation. j

4. ln an automatic pistol, or like smallarm,the combination, with thefiring mechanism and the magazine; of a Amovable safety-bolt locateddirectly, adjacent the scar and having a recessed head engageable by themagazine When the latter is in lace in its chamber,said head beingshifteconsequent upon such engagement, to bring its recess into alinement withthe scar, for permitting actuation of the firingmechamsm; `and a springfor moving said head in the opposite direction when the magazine isvwithdrawn, to bring said recess out of such alinement, for locking saidfiring mechanism against actuation.

5. In an automatic pistol, or like smallarm, the combination, with thefiring mechanism and .the magazine, the frame of said arm having a seatAdirectly adjacent the Sear; of. a safety-bolt having ra head which ifits in said seat and is held thereby against turning, said head beingengageable by the manca? magazine when the latter is in place in saidchamber and being shifted laterally in said seat, consequent upon suchengagement, out of the path of the sear, to permit actuation of thefiring mechanism; and a spring for shifting said head laterally in theopposite direction in said seat into engagement with said scar when saidmagazine is withdrawn, to lock said ring mechanism against actuation. v

6. In an automatic pistol, or like smallarm, the combination, with thefiring mechanism and the magazine; of a safety-bolt located directlyadjacent the Sear and engageable by the magazine when the latter is inplace in its chamber, said bolt being shifted, consequent upon suchengagement, out of the path of the scar, to permit actuation 4of thefiring mechanism; a spring for moving said bolt into engagement withsaid sear when said magazine is withdrawn, to lock .said ring mechanism.against actuation;

and a hand-operated safety-device for moving the scar-actuating memberinto inoperative osition with relation to the scar.

7. n an automatic pistol, or like smallarm, the combination, with thefiring mechanism and the magazine; of a movable safety-device locateddirectly adjacent the scar and engageable by the ma azine when thelatter is in place in its cham er, said device being shifted, consequentupon said engagement, out of the path of the sear, to permit actuationof the firing mechanism; and means for automatically moving said deviceinto engagement with the sear when the magazine is withdrawn, to locksaid firing mechanism against actuation.

8. In an automatic pistol, or like smallarm, the combination, with thefiring mechanism and the magazine, the former including apivotally-mounted sear having a forwardly-projecting; rigid extension;of a movable safety-bolt havin a head which is located direct y beneatht e scar extension and is engageable by the magazine when the latter isin place in its chamber, said head being shifted, consequent upon suchengagement, out of the path of said extension,

-ting. actuation to permit actuation of the firing mechanism; and aspring for moving. the said head' into engagement, with said extensionwhen said magazine is withdrawn, to lock said firing mechanism againstactuation. a

9. In an automatic pistol, or like smallarm, the combination, with thefiring mechanism and the magazine, the former including apivotally-mounted scar having a orwardly-projecting extension, and atrigger provided at one side with a contact stud normally engaged withthe front end of the scar extension, to trip the .sear when the triggeris pulled; of a movable safety-bolt having a head which is locateddirectly beneath the sear extension and is engageable bythe magazinewhen the latter is in place in its chamber, said head being shifted,consequentpupon such engagement, out of the path of said: extension, topermit said sear to be tripped; and a spring for moving the said headinto engagement with said extension when said magazine is Withdrawn, tolock said firing mechanism against trip- 1n y 'p 1g. 1n an automaticpistol, or like smallarm, the combination, with the iring mechanism andthe magazine, the former including a pivotally-mounted sear having aforwardly-projecting, movable safety-bolt havin a recess which islocated directly eneath the sear extension and is engageable by themagazine when the latter is in place in its chamber, said head beingshifted, consequent upon such engagement, to bring its recess intoalinement with said extension, for permitof the firing mechanism; and aspring for moving said head in the opposite direction when the magazineis withdrawn, to brin said recess out of such alinement, for loc 'ngsaid iiring mechanism against actuation.

ed head rigid extension; of a In testimony whereoi` ax my signaturek vin presence of two witnesses. WILLIAM J OHN lWI-HTING.A v Witnesses:

ARTHUR SADLER, R. E. SMrrH.

